CRISPR TRACKR
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Please design an editable poster 1️⃣INTRODUCTION CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary genome-editing technology derived from a natural bacterial immune system. It allows precise modification of DNA sequences in living organisms, offering unprecedented opportunities for improving livestock health, productivity, and welfare. This poster presents the mechanism, applications, and future potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in sustainable animal agriculture. 2️⃣MECHANISM How CRISPR-Cas9 Works: 1. Guide RNA (gRNA) is designed to match a specific DNA target sequence. 2. Cas9 protein acts as molecular scissors, guided by gRNA to the exact location. 3. DNA cut is made at the target site. 4. Cellular repair mechanisms (NHEJ or HDR) introduce desired modifications (gene knockout or insertion). 3️⃣APPLICATIONS PRRS Virus Resistance in Pigs · Target Gene: CD163 (receptor used by PRRS virus to enter cells) · Method: Gene knockout of CD163 using CRISPR-Cas9 · Result: Pigs completely resistant to PRRS, saving $2.7 billion annually in USA and Europe · Countries: USA (Genus plc), China (Zhao et al., 2017), UK (Roslin Institute) Tuberculosis Resistance in Cattle · Target Gene: NRAMP1 · Result: Enhanced resistance to bovine tuberculosis · Country: China (China Agricultural University, 2019) Polled (Hornless) Cattle · Problem: Dehorning causes pain, stress, and infection risk · Solution: Inserting the natural "Polled" gene variant using CRISPR · Result: Cattle born without horns, eliminating need for dehorning · Countries: USA (University of California Davis, 2016), Brazil (Preliminary trials) Low Allergen Milk · Target Gene: BLG (Beta-lactoglobulin - major milk allergen) · Result: Hypoallergenic milk for human consumption · Country: China (Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019) 4️⃣GLOBAL EXAMPLES Leading Institutions and Commercial Entities: · Roslin Institute (UK): Disease-resistant chickens (avian influenza) · Genus plc (USA/UK): PRRS-resistant pigs (commercialization in progress) · Acceligen (USA): Heat-tolerant cattle (slick hair gene from Senepol cattle) · Recombinetics (USA): Polled dairy cattle · Chinese Academy of Sciences: Low-allergen milk, MSTN-edited cattle 6️⃣Key References: · Doudna & Charpentier, 2014 (Nobel Prize work) · Whitworth et al., 2016 (PRRS-resistant pigs) · Gao et al., 2017 (MSTN-edited cattle) · Shrock et al., 2023 (Recent advances in livestock)
